Stroke is an important risk factor for dementia. Epidemiological studies have indicated a high incidence of dementia in stroke patients. However, no effective biomarker for the diagnosis of post-stroke dementia (PSD) has been established. D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a flavin-dependent enzyme widely distributed in the central nervous system. DAO…
Stroke is a major brain disease worldwide being the second leading global cause of death (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/causes-of-death/GHO/causes-of-death). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only US FDA-approved pharmacological therapy for acute ischemic stroke. tPA dissolves occluding blood clots at a very early stage of stroke, but its effectiveness is limited by a…
The hair cycle represents a paradigm for studying stem cell quiescence and activation, as well as progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. Adult hair follicles undergo repeated cycling of regression (catagen), resting (telogen), and growth (anagen), which is maintained by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Adult stem cells maintain tissue…
Early initiation of alcohol use may not only increase the risk of problematic drinking and alcohol disorders but also trigger a cascade of emotional, physical, and social problems later in life. Therefore, early adolescence (ages 12–14 years), the period when alcohol initiation commonly escalates, has been targeted as a critical…
Chronic inflammation has been linked to cancer progression and metastasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce inflammatory responses, and prolonged ROS production is considered to lead to chronic inflammation. Mitochondria are a major source of ROS production in a cell. However, the mechanism of how mitochondrial ROS by Lon regulates cancer…
Due to its unique location, the air quality in the Taipei Basin is often significantly influenced by long-range transported (LRT)-related dusts and anthropogenic aerosols originated from the Asian continent. Among the ambient aerosols, the associated metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most important toxic components in urban areas.…
Lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS) ranks as the seventh most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) showed screening for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduced lung cancer mortality rate for 20% in high-risk individuals in the United States. The mortality reduction success…
Mutations in lamin A (LMNA) are responsible for a variety of human dystrophic and metabolic diseases.Dr. Ya‐Hui Chi from the Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research has previously reported the accumulation of progerin, the lamin A mutant protein that causes Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and an inner nuclear membrane protein…
The use of nanomaterials in industrial and consumer applications has resulted in a rapid increase in the numbers of workers exposed to engineered nanoparticles. Although no human illness to date is confirmed to be attributed to engineered nanoparticles, occupational epidemiological studies are needed to verify the health effects of nanoparticles.…
Cholinergic neurotransmission regulates the immune response and inhibits cytokine release after stroke. Post-stroke plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (BChE) are two major enzymes regulating the plasma level of Ach, which binds a muscarinic receptor on macrophages to regulate the inflammatory response after stroke. To date, the changes in the level/activity…
